Morse Code Communication Guide

Learn proper Morse code communication procedures, prosigns, Q signals, and on-air etiquette for CW operators.

Effective Morse communication requires more than knowing the alphabet. This guide covers procedures used by amateur radio operators, military communicators, and maritime stations.

Basic Transmission Format

A typical CW contact follows: call sign of station called, DE (from), your call sign, signal report, name, location, QTH, and closing with SK or AR. Example: "CQ CQ DE W1ABC W1ABC K" invites anyone to respond.

Essential Prosigns

AR (.-. ) — End of message, response expected
SK (...-.- ) — End of work / clear
KN (-.--.) — Go ahead, specific station only
AS (.-... ) — Wait / stand by
BT (-...- ) — Break between sections

Common Q Signals

QRM (interference), QRN (static), QSB (fading), QSL (acknowledge receipt), QTH (location), QSY (change frequency). These abbreviations save time on congested bands.

Timing Standards

ITU timing: dot = 1 unit, dash = 3 units, gap between elements = 1 unit, gap between letters = 3 units, gap between words = 7 units. At 20 WPM, one unit equals 60 milliseconds.

Etiquette

Listen before transmitting. Send at a speed the other operator can copy. Repeat unclear groups. Identify with your call sign at required intervals per your license regulations.